Cultural Diversity in Engineering

Cultural Diversity in Engineering This paper will look at the importance of cultural diversity within the field of engineering, why its important and what the positive impacts or diversifying your work-place are. Cultural diversity is immensely important within every country throughout the world. Although due to Australia being such a new country, and the history of the country the importance of communicating with Indigenous communities is especially important. Maintaining a strong relationship throughout the consultation and development phase always needs to be of the upmost importance. This obviously extends beyond communicating with the Indigenous communities within Australia and can extend to foreign works or clients. Making sure everything is handled in a culturally respectful way needs to be ensured by any professional engineer; from the first meeting until the last. Due to Australia being such a highly diverse country it will be very common to work in a culturally diverse workplace. This means that within engineering although being aware of cultural differences will not only assist a professional engineer within consultations but within the workplace as well. Different cultural backgrounds and upbringings different problems can be solved in different ways. Whenever looking at Aboriginal culture it is important to note Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures are complex and diverse. (Australian Government 2015) Due to this it is very important to understand when going into one community their beliefs, and the way they do things may be completely different. There is no blanket statement when it comes to communicating with Indigenous communities, they all communicate differently with many even speaking different languages. The Australian Government (2014) has stated that over two-hundred and fifty Australian language groups were spoken in 1788, today approximately one-hundred and twenty are still spoken. This is a simple example of how culturally diverse Australia is. 2.1 Communication and protocols Protocols exist as standards of behavior used by people to show respect to one another. (Supporting Carers, 2010) Protocols of Aboriginal communities, much like communication are diverse and extremely important. As every community is unique it is always important to do research and consult with an expert before entering a community and risking disrespecting an elder, or the community. The Indigenous cultures of Australia are the oldest living cultural history in the world they go back at least 50,000 years and some argue closer to 65,000 years (Australian Government 2015) Due to this some communities have extremely strong beliefs, other communities may have contradictory beliefs but it is important to respect both when communicating with them. One of the main differences between not only the Aboriginal communities, but within general Australian culture is eye contact. Although in a general conversation eye contact may be okay, within Aboriginal cultures it has very different meaning. Depending on the community eye contact may be a sign of disrespect, or quite the opposite. Another reason it is important to speak with someone with greater knowledge of the community, or do research. Some general tips to overcome language barriers (Queensland Government, 2015) Avoid using complex words. Explain why you need to ask any questions. Always check you understood the meaning of the words the person has used and vice versa. Use diagrams, models, DVDs and images to explain concepts, instructions and terms. Be cautious using traditional languages unless you have excellent understanding 2.2 Elders/Leaders Elders are generally respected for their cultural knowledge and leadership abilities and for making decisions on behalf of the community (CFCA 2014) It is very important to be extremely respectful when speaking with elders, as they are usually the most respected within the community. Remember they are also generally making the decision on behalf of the community, respecting them will help a lot. It is important to note that the elders are usually a small group, and although elderly members of the community have a lot of respect they are not the ones making the decisions. In the western world diversity, has been shown to improve productivity within some workplaces. This is because people from different backgrounds will generally have different perspectives on solving the same problem, thus meaning finding an effective, safe, sustainable, cheap and respectful product can be achieved in a more efficient manner. Anything developed with or for local indigenous communities are generally affected by several things regarding the community; the needs and culture of the community, how they live and their location. If and only if the engineers understand this completely will the project be able to be completed within a respectful way. 4.1 Consultation It is important to note that the consultation process will also be very different with Aboriginal communities. Depending on the community, how it is set out and the elders of said community every consultation will be different. It will also need to be presented in a different way minimalizing difficult language to avoid any language barriers and using diagrams, tables and/or media wherever possible. One of the main problems that may come up past this phase is due to positioning of a project, it may coincide with one or more of the following: Sacred trees, burial grounds or any places that have spiritual or social significance. It is important to consider these when speaking with the elders. In this section respond to the following: How could culture and diversity affect any engineering solutions you develop for/with local indigenous communities in Australia and the location of the Major EWB Project? Include reference to appropriate engineering solutions in your response to this. HINT:For engineers to develop appropriate engineering solutions for a community they must understand the community, their needs, how they live, their culture, their location etc. By understanding the community, Engineers can develop solutions that are appropriate and will be used. One solution is not appropriate for all. Why it is important that the decisions and recommendations you make in the Major EWB Project and also as a professional engineer clearly uphold the Institute of Engineers Australia Code of Ethics? The conclusion is a summary of important points already raised in the report and how they fit together. Do not introduce new information here. < http://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/indigenous-australian-languages> < http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-indigenous-cultural-heritage> < https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/strengths-australian-aboriginal-cultural-practices-fam/theme-3-elderly-family-members> CFCA < http://www.supportingcarers.snaicc.org.au/connecting-to-culture/cultural-protocols/> < https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0021/151923/communicating.pdf> Please note, this is not 100% complete and Im aware that references are not completed correctly. More references and facts will be included in the final.

Herbal Weight Loss Products Essay -- Diet Health Nutrition Papers

Herbal Weight Loss Products An analysis of two particularly controversial products Herbal remedies, along with vitamins and various other types of dietary supplements, have long been popular with the customers of health food stores. But now they are part of a boom in alternative remedies and are widely available in supermarkets and pharmacies. In recent months, there has been an incredible surge in the sheer volume of scientific studies that have discussed the effectiveness of such herbal products. Medical scientists consider such findings promising but preliminary; additional research must definitely be explored. However, herbal supplement manufacturers are using such studies to boost the credibility of traditional herbal remedies. There are currently no government regulations to specify the purity, dosage or effectiveness of these products. Many consumers are opting to try them, assuming that the "natural" products with a long history of use will undoubtedly be safe. As herbal remedies continue to gain in popularity, reports by consumers of serious complications are also increasing. In one statistical report it was stated that 500 incidents were reported to the Food and Drug Administration last year alone. Leading the list of dangerous and ineffective ingredients are ephedra (or Ma Huang) and Chromium. Ephedra alone has accounted for more than half of the complaints in the past three years and has been associated with more than three dozen deaths. Thus the validity and the efficacy of these claims will need to be addressed. What are the claims of "Natural" Healing? It is obvious that our bodies are remarkable machines. However, the claim is that natural remedies aid the body's immune system toward tot... ...ances M. "Chromium Picolinate--Still Hot on the Market". Healthy Weight Journal. Jul;8(4), 1994. Dolby, Victoria. "Tip the Scales in Your Favor with Metabolic Weight Loss Nutrients". Better Nutrition. Oct; 58(10), 1996, Okie, Susan. "Looking for Mr. GoodPill; Americans Have Fallen in Love With Herbal Supplements--But Do They Work? Are They Safe?" The Washington Post, Nov. 25, 1997. Reading, S.A. "Chromium Picolinate". Journal of Florida Medical Association. Jan;83(1): 29-31, 1996. Stearns, D.M. "A prediction of chromium (III) accumulation in humans from chromium dietary supplements". FASEB. Dec;9(15):1650-7, 1995 Trent, L.K. "Effects of chromium picolinate on body composition". Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. Dec;35(4):273-80. Walsh, Julie. "The great chromium debate". Bicycling. Oct/Nov; 37(10), 1996.

Black Death in Europe Essay

European people faced great hardship during the years 1347-1352 suffering from the effects of the Bubonic Plaque. Prior to this epidemic hitting Europe the population of Europe was growing faster than the food supplies could keep up with and economic crisis was beginning to take place. Once the Bubonic Plaque started spreading it took center stage and over population would not be an issue of concern any longer. The Bubonic Plaque, also referred to as the Black Death, was caused by a bacterial infection found mostly in rodents and their fleas. The infected fleas would come into contact with humans and death would occur in less than a week. Humans suffered from high fever, aching limbs, and lymph nodes would swell and turn black. Humans also contributed to the spread of the plaque by non-effected people coming into contact with the body fluids of an effected person. As the plaque spread the people of Europe found themselves shifting from community and family to worrying about survival of the individual. Men who worked with animals contracted the plaque and died. Women that contracted the plaque that survived could no longer carry a child and were abandoned by their husbands. Children found themselves fighting to survive as their parents were taken by the plaque. Families that did have children would abandoned their children who became infected, the plaque would kill children within hours of contraction if not immediately. In attempt to escape the plaque people that lived in the cities often traveled to the country and most often taking the plaque with them only cause more death. Europe lost roughly one third of the population due to the Bubonic Plaque. The economy during this time also saw a great shift from the twenty five million people lost due to the plaque. Feudalism, which was strong before the plaque, weakened as European people realized that they could work and survive on their own. Many of the farm workers died leaving the land in bad shape which meant poor crop return and a declining food supply. The famers and workers that managed to survive the plaque were able to demand more wages from the knights, baron, or king that owned the land they worked. The cows, goats, sheep, and other live stock that were used for food supply were often shared among communities but as people feared for survival these animals were brought inside homes to prevent exposure only causing more death from spread of the plaque and other diseases. Lastly the economy  suffered from lack of trade with other counties. The Bubonic Plaque’s massive death toll left other countries fearful of trading goods adding to the already hard economy. While the Bubonic Plaque did not completely vanish until late in the fifteenth century the effects on life and economy during the peak of contamination was dramatic. In a five year span Europe experienced entire towns and villages being left lifeless from the Bubonic Plaque. The bacterial infection spread without regard to social and economical class, killing both adults and children. Those that did survive the plaque found new opportunities through negotiating and rebelling.

Womens Suffrage Movement Essays

Womens Suffrage Movement Essays Womens Suffrage Movement Essay Womens Suffrage Movement Essay For the past few decades the goal of feminism has been to achieve equal rights for women. It began with the efforts of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton who laid the frame for the Womens Suffrage Movement and later movements to come. They set out to clear the board of patriarchal domination. Since women were not permitted to attend the World Anti-Slavery convention, Mott and Stanton organized the first womens rights convention, Seneca Falls, in 1848 (56). It is this key event, which marks the initial effort toward achieving equal rights for women. Equal status for women was thought to be against the will of God during the nineteenth century. This accounts for the small fraction of women writers recognized during this era. Of this number, a young woman by the name of Emily Elizabeth Dickinson is considered to be the most distinguished. Emily Dickinsons, She Rose to His Requirements, provides a window into the way nineteenth century culture constructed and understood concepts such as gender, marriage and sexual personae. The majority of Dickinsons poetry is based on death, love and eternity. Based on the context of the poem, She Rose to His Requirements, we will examine the cultural attitudes toward gender, marriage and sexual personae, which exist in the nineteenth century. In comparing these attitudes to those, which exist in the twenty-first century we will determine whether or not equal rights for women is truly a reality. One should take into consideration, Betty Friedans term, the feminine mystique. This term is in reference to traditional female roles. During the nineteenth century, the role of women was rather limited and pejorative: the wife, the mother, and the home- maker. In Dickinsons poem, She Rose to His Requirement, the idea of the feminine mystique is present. She rose to his requirement__dropt The playthings of her life To take the honorable work Of woman, and of wife (1-5) Line two of this stanza brings up an aspect of patriarchal domination. The word playthings may refer to the age of the female in the poem and suggests that the female is of adolescence. Line four of this stanza supports this factor in that the poet uses woman versus wife to indicate that the young girl has not yet reached maturity. Another possible interpretation of the use of the word playthings is that the young woman may unwillingly be sacrificing her goals, aspirations, or dreams to play the expected role of a woman of this era. During this period in time it is very common for a female to be married at a very young age, in order to secure her familys wealth or to strengthen her family name. However, this poses a problem: the loss of innocence and identity due to conformity and constraint. Naomi Wolfs, usage of the metaphorical term, Iron Maiden Imagery, supports the existence of this phenomenon (51). Before the term can be understood metaphorically, one must understand its initial meaning. Initially, the Iron Maiden was a term used to describe a type of torture or punishment inflicted upon women of mid-evil times. This torture entailed a women being enclosed in a wooden box, which was internally embedded with metal spikes. As the box was closed, entrapping the female, the metal spikes would puncture the flesh and she would bleed to death. Metaphorically, the Iron Maiden describes the entrapment of a woman in her own body. Perhaps Emily Dickinsons purpose for writing poetry such as this is to escape the constraining roles of women of the nineteenth century. Because outlets for feminine expression are few, this may be a form of passive expression in which Dickinson rebels against patriarchal domination. An example of this passive rebellion arises in stanza two. If ought she missed in her new day, Of amplitude, or awe__ Or first prospective__ or the gold In using, wear away (6-9) Here Dickinson mocks the presence of euphoria on the young girls wedding day. By using the words amplitude, awe, and prospective, the poet applies negative connotation to what is supposed to be the happiest day in a womans life. This may suggest that Dickinson holds a negative view of marriage Many of Emily Dickinsons poems are characterized by the intricate use of metaphors. She uses metaphors more literally than anyone else in major literature (Paglia 637). An example surfaces in stanza three. It lay unmentioned__as the sea Develope pearl and weed, But only to himself__be known The fathoms they abide__ (11-14) In this stanza, it refers to the gold wedding ring in stanza two which, as implied by the poet, will no longer be in use later in the marriage. The sea image used by the poet is appropriate because it is in reference to the word wear (stanza two) which means to cause a ship to turn about with the stern facing the wind. A fathom is a unit of about six feet, which is used to measure the depth of water. By using such words, Dickinson has painted a vivid picture of what the marriage will be like in the future, thus her use of literal metaphors. Because of Dickinsons literal use of metaphors in the poem, we can accurately compare the attitudes toward gender, marriage and sexual personae, which are present in the nineteenth century to those, which are present in the twenty-first century. It appears that in the nineteenth century these attitudes were strongly governed by patriarchal domination. The only purpose women were to serve was that of the wife and child bearer. A woman deemed out spoken was shunned and could never expect to be married if she carried herself in this manner. The irony in the poem arises in the title. The title suggests a step up while the poem itself suggests submissiveness and inferiority. The context of the poem implies that sublimation in women can only occur once she is married. In the twenty-first century, women are bound by beauty, for it has come to exist within society as a commodity, a product, which can be bought and sold. Women are bound by the concept of beauty, for it applies mainly to physical appearance and excludes the beauty of personality and character. Liberal women are often shunned as in the nineteenth century and the idea that men are superior to women has not ceased to exist either. For example, gender discrimination is evident when taking into consideration the stipends of male and female employees who work for the same company, perform the same tasks, and answer to the same boss. The male employee often receives a significantly higher stipend than that of the female employee. Where is the equity in this? The existence of equal rights for women may exist only in spirit, thus it can be referred to as a ghost theory. Equality between genders does not exist. It, along with the concepts of racism and miscegenation, is beyond societys reach. Perhaps the male gender is afraid of what will transpire as a result. Gender equality is feared and remains an unseen aspect of societal development, thus the term ghost theory.

none1 essays

none1 essays Introduction Hyper inflation has plagued most of the worlds developing countries over the past decades. Countries in the industrialised world, too, have at times duelled with dangerously high inflation rates in the post WWII era. With varying degrees of success, all have employed great efforts to bring their inflation rates within acceptable limits. Generally, a moderate rate of inflation has been the ultimate goal. More recently, however, a few countries have pursued policies that strive to eradicate inflation altogether through complete price stability. This has proven to be a contentious enterprise, which clearly indicates that there is still no universally accepted solution to the inflation problem. Indeed, there is not even an agreed consensus regarding the source of inflation itself. The monetarist perception that the root of inflation is solely the excessive creation of money remains. So too does the belief that inflation originates in the labour market. And amongst a variety of others, the opinion that inflation serves the critical social purpose of resolving incompatible demands by different groups is also strong. This last, and more widely accepted, case shows that the problem is hardly a technical one; but rather a political one. It highlights the now unquestionable fact that politics and inflation are inextricably linked. And as with all inherently political issues, consensus is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. But, political characteristics do provide flexibility. In some countries, high rates of inflation have clearly been compatible with rapid economic growth and fast rising standards of living. In such cases, it is quite reasonable to suggest that higher rates of inflation are acceptableperhaps even necessary. In this setting, it is by no means clear that pursing a policy to stop moderate inflation is either required, or in the best interests of the mass of the population at all. While infla...

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Philosophy - Assignment Example mises are associated with conclusion to the extent that whenever the former are found to be true, it follows that the latter ought to be true as well, particularly when such premises and conclusion are a sole basis to the justification of an inference 5. Invalid - is, contrary to the state of validity, a term that identifies an argument’s form that possesses a conclusion which is not aligned or is not expected to correspond to the given premises where as such, a false conclusion may emerge out of true premises 6. Sound - pertains to an argument’s property in which all premises are true, thereby reflecting or guaranteeing truth in the resulting conclusion that altogether manifests the pure validity of an argument 7. Unsound - pertains to a trait by which an argument may be assessed as either invalid or valid with at least one false premise so that false premises determine the validity or invalidity of an argument 8. Deductive Argument - is that argument where it is ‘necessary’ for the conclusion to satisfy the premise in such a way as when a conclusion is rather false, there can be no way that this would be arrived at coming from a premise or inference that is true; deductive reasoning is applied herein to enable construction of a deductive argument that proceeds from a general premise toward a specific conclusion 9. Inductive Argument - is that argument where it is ‘probable’ to derive conclusion from an inferred premise such that it would be improbable to yield a false conclusion if the premises are true; inductive reasoning is used herein to establish an inductive argument that develops from a specific premise toward a general conclusion Identify the following fallacies. (For example: â€Å"If you dont agree with the president, you will lose your job. Therefore, if you dont want to lose your job, you had better agree with the president,† would be an Appeal to

Over education in the graduate labour market Coursework

Over education in the graduate labour market - Coursework Example The qualification has not been much a factor into determining the amount of wages one is to get from working. In seeking for reasons to back the claims, most researchers have found out that the phenomenon is pegged on the fact that there is difference in ability between those who leave higher education above others (SILLES, Peter Dolton and Mary, 2001). In addition, the perception and reception of higher education has changed leading many people to join and pursue education. Career relation of most courses result in mismatches and as the search for jobs intensifies, higher education becomes the differing factor hence the presence of overqualified members in jobs they take. The economist published an article that portrayed the over 40,000 degree courses offered across the UK universities as at 2002. Moreover, Chevalier (2000) noted that the education tuition fee has come down a great deal and many people are resorting to better themselves with the view of obtaining better jobs and take home packages. Eyebrows were raised when an author Hutt claimed that there is great waste that results from personnel that work in wrong jobs than those that are unemployed (CHEVALIER, Arnaud, 2000). In their article, Dolton and Vignoles (2002) came up with a revelation that estimated 30% of the UK graduates to be more educated than job requirement and availability in the UK markets. 22% have jobs that do not require them to have degrees while six years down the line they find themselves highly educated than their job demands (CHEVALIER, Arnaud, 2000). Studies reveal a majority of reasons into why people are more educated than they are required in their job requirements. The phenomenon has been shaped by the labor market structures, public sector culture, nature of work (part-time and temporary), family commitment, health conditions, debt incurred during study time, early market choices, business-cycle