Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essays

Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essays Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essay Fredrick Douglas vs. Huckleberry Finn Essay Essay Topic: The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Frederick Douglas Essay In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, and In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, both authors portray a similar view on slavery and the people in the South. In both pieces of literature, the main characters had no parental guidance, and both began as being slaves to cruel slave owners. One difference that occurs between the two is that in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the people who do ad things are punished, while in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, many cruel people get away with their crimes. In Mark Twains novel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Husks childhood is lonesome. He has no parental figures to assist him in making good choices in his life. His mother was dead and he was never able to meet her, while his father was a drunk. HIS father was away most of the time and rarely paid any attention to him. This lack of appreciation could easily make a young child feel unwanted and make It worse In the life of a slave. Especially since he was mistreated by his slave-owner as ell. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, Douglas was forced to grow up with no identity and not knowing who his father is. This is difficult for a young child to comprehend, especially since he was surrounded by white neighbors and friends who were all aware of their fathers identities. : More importantly, Douglas was forced to grow up without the nourishment of a caring mother because they were separated when Douglas was still a very young boy. Both these authors are trying to show the audience the hardships that African Americans were forced to go through. Also, they re attempting to portray how cruel the white people were and how unequal the two human beings were. The character Houck, from the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, was enslaved to a harsh woman named MISS Watson. She was an extremely mean and Ignorant slave owner who forced them to work terrible hours and assist her in everything that she does. Similar to that, in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, Douglas first master was Mr.. Anthony, who was a very ignorant man because he treated his slaves like trash constantly whipping them and beating them. Also, since they lived on a limitation the slave-owner was most likely not one to remember their names or even know of some of his slaves existence, but only by the mass number he had obtained. Both pieces of literature had an astonishing similar way to describe the southerners, as the bad guys, which Is true because of the way they mistreated the humans working for them, but In an offs persons point of view, slavery was common and known to be a way of life. Some people knew that It was morally incorrect what they were doing, but since It was so convenient, they attended religious events to help hem feel better and not feel so guilty of their actions. Lastly, the main and most frustrating difference between the fictional, the Frederick Douglas, is the result of the actions that the bad people did. In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the imposter for the Duke of Bridgewater and the imposter for the dauphin, King Louis Wigs son, are punished for their crimes. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, there were many people who got away for their misdeeds including murder. For example, when Douglas was young and lived on the plantation, he saw Demy, another slave, go into a creek to soothe the pain room being whipped, but when Mr.. Gore, the overseer, counted to three and Demy did not respond, he shot him right there. When he was questioned by the land owner, Mr.. Gore said that the slave was a bad example. Another incident where the slaves were mistreated was when Douglas lived in Baltimore. He witnessed the Hamilton family beating their two slaves, Henrietta and Mary. An investigation was to be held, but no one had it enforced and so the Hamilton family was able to live their life free and no pay the consequences for their actions. This shows how painful the Ruth is about real life and how in fictional stories the bad guys always receive their punishments, while in real life some people are able to get away with their crimes. The comparison that Mark Twain and Frederick Douglas make in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas, and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, about the way the southerners treated slaves with inequality and cruelness shows how life could have been difficult if you were born in this time period. Mark Twain, though, describes his fictional stories as to what we wish them to be and not as to how they occurred all of the time.

Biography of Marcel Duchamp, Modern Art Revolutionary

Biography of Marcel Duchamp, Modern Art Revolutionary The French-American artist Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) was an innovator, working across mediums such as painting, sculpture, collages, short films, body art, and found objects. Known as both a pioneer and a troublemaker, Duchamp is associated with several modern art movements, including  Dadaism,  Cubism, and  Surrealism, and is credited for paving the way for  Pop,  Minimal, and Conceptual art. Fast Facts: Marcel Duchamp Full Name: Marcel Duchamp, also known as Rrose Sà ©lavyOccupation: ArtistBorn:  July 28, 1887 in Blainville, Normandy, FranceParents Names: Eugene and Lucie DuchampDied: October 2, 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, FranceEducation: One year of school at the Ecole des Beaux Artes in Paris (flunked out)Famous Quotes: The painting is no longer a decoration to be hung in the dining room or living room. We have thought of other things to use as decoration. Early Years Duchamp was born on July 28, 1887, the fourth child of seven born to Lucie and Eugene Duchamp. His father was a notary, but there was art in the family. Two of Duchamps elder brothers were successful artists: the painter Jacques Villon (1875–1963) and the sculptor Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876–1918). In addition, Duchamps mother Lucie was an amateur artist and his grandfather was an engraver. When Duchamp came of age, Eugene willingly supported his son Marcels career in art. Duchamp made his first painting,  Church in Blainville, at  the age of 15, and  enrolled in the Academie Jullian at Pariss École des Beaux-Arts. In a series of interviews published after his death, Duchamp is quoted as saying he couldnt remember any of the teachers he had, and that he spent the mornings playing billiards rather than going to the studio. He ended up flunking out after one year. From Cubism to Dadaism to Surrealism Duchamps artistic life spanned several decades, during which he reinvented his art time and again, often offending critics sensibilities along the way. Duchamp spent most of those years alternating between Paris and New York. He mingled with the New York art scene, forging close friendships with American artist  Man Ray, historian Jacques Martin Barzun, writer Henri-Pierre Rochà ©, composer Edgar Varà ¨se, and painters Francisco Picabia and Jean Crotti, among others.   Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 (1912). Public domain. ​ Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2)  deeply offended the Cubists, because although it selected the color palette and form of Cubism, it added a reference to explicit perpetual motion and was seen as a dehumanized rendering of the female nude. The painting also created a big scandal at the 1913 New York Armory Show of Europe, after which Duchamp was heartily embraced by the New York crowd of Dadaists. Marcel Duchamp, Bicycle Wheel (1913). Dan Kitwood / Getty Images Bicycle Wheel  (1913) was the first of Duchamps readymades: primarily manufactured objects with one or two minor tweaks to the form. In Bicycle Wheel, the fork and wheel of a bicycle are mounted on a stool. The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even  or  The Large Glass  (1915–1923) is a two-paned glass window with an image assembled out of lead foil, fuse wire, and dust. The upper panel illustrates an insect-like bride and the lower panel features the silhouettes of nine suitors, shooting their attention in her direction. The work broke during shipment in 1926; Duchamp repaired it about a decade later, saying, Its a lot better with the breaks. DidBaroness Elsa SubmitThe Fountain? Marcel Duchamp, The Fountain (1916). Photographed by Alfred Stieglitz. Public domain. There is a rumor that  The Fountain  was not submitted to New York Independents Art Show by Duchamp, but rather by the Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, another Dada artist who played with gender and performance art and was among the more outrageous characters of the New York art scene. While the original is long gone, there are 17 copies in different museums around the world, all assigned to Duchamp. After Renouncing Art Marcel Duchamp, Etant donnes (1946-1966). Mixed media assemblage.  © Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris / Succession Marcel Duchamp. Fair use. In 1923, Duchamp publicly renounced art, saying he would spend his life on chess. He was very good at chess and was on several French chess tournament teams. More or less secretly, however, he continued work from 1923 to 1946 under the name Rrose Sà ©lavy. He also continued to produce readymades. Etant donnes  was Duchamps last work. He made it in secret and wanted it shown only after his death. The work consists of a wooden door set in a brick frame. Inside the door are two peepholes, through which the viewer can see a deeply disturbing scene of a naked woman lying on a bed of twigs and holding a lit gaslight. The Turkish artist Serkan Ãâ€"zkaya has suggested that the female figure in Etant donnes is, in some respects, a self-portrait of Duchamp, an idea also put forward in 2010 by artist Meeka Walsh in an essay in BorderCrossings.   Marriage andPersonal Life Duchamp described his mother as distant and cold and indifferent, and he felt that she preferred his younger sisters to him, a preference that had a profound effect on his self-esteem. Although he presented himself as cool and detached in interviews, some biographers believe that his art reflects the strenuous efforts he made to deal with his silent rage and unmet need for erotic closeness. Duchamp was married twice and had a long-term mistress. He also had a female alter ego, Rrose Sà ©lavy, whose name translates to Eros, such is life. Death and Legacy Marcel Duchamp died at his home in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France on October 2, 1968. He was buried in Rouen under the epitaph, Dailleurs, cest toujours les autres qui meurent (Besides, its always the others who die). To this day, he is remembered as one of the great innovators in modern art. He invented new ways of thinking about what art can be and radically transformed ideas about culture. Sources Cabanne, Pierre.  Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp. Trans. Padgett, Ron. London: Thames and Hudson, 1971. Print.Duchamp, Marcel, Rrose Sà ©lavy, and Ann Temkin. Of or By.  Grand Street  58 (1996): 57–72. Print.Frizzell, Nell. Duchamp and the Pissoir-Taking Sexual Politics of the Art World. The Guardian November 7 2014. Web.Giovanna, Zapperi. Marcel Duchamps Tonsure: Towards an Alternate Masculinity.  Oxford Art Journal  30.2 (2007): 291–303. Print.James, Carol Plyley. Marcel Duchamp, Naturalized American. The French Review 49.6 (1976): 1097–105. Print.Mershaw, Marc. Now You See Him, Now You Don’t: Duchamp From Beyond the Grave. The New York Times Sept. 29, 2017. Web.Paijmans, Door Theo. Het Urinoir Is Niet Van Duchamp (The iconic Fountain (1917) is not created by Marcel Duchamp).  See All This  10 (2018). Print.Pape, Gerard J. Marcel Duchamp.  American Imago  42.3 (1985): 255–67. Print.Rosenthal, Nan. Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968 ).  Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum 2004. Web. Spalding, Julian, and Glyn Thompson.  Did Marcel Duchamp Steal Elsas Urinal?  The Art Newspaper  262 (2014). Print.Speyer, A. James. Marcel Duchamp Exhibition.  Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago  (1973–1982) 68.1 (1974): 16–19. Print.Walsh, Meeka. The Gaze and the Guess: Fixing Identity in â€Å"Étant donnà ©s.† BorderCrossings 114. Web.

Mathematics in motion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mathematics in motion - Research Paper Example P is the momentum of the moving object and m is the mass of the moving object. The mass of the object remains constant. During collision of the vehicle, momentum is conserved. Car collisions are inelastic in nature. A car tries to absorb the impact of collision by diverting the force. During this type of collision momentum is conserved but the kinetic energy is not totally conserved. The transfer of the kinetic energy is difficult. It is easier to determine the position of an object, if the force is known. The simple way to do this is to double integrate the differential equation of force twice. After the first integration velocity is the yield and after second integration, position of the object can be determined. The method can be utilized to evaluate the trajectory of an object. The method is an easier method that gives an analytical solution to evaluate the position of the object when the force is the function of time (Chemistry.clemson.edu, 1998). The function depicts that the c ollision between the vehicles is fatal due to the gain in the kinetic energy with respect to the increase in the force with respect to time. The function gives that force is directly proportional to the displacement. However, it is also dependent on the time. The three equation of motion are: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (1) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (2) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... and the driver accelerates the car with 2m/s2 for 5 second, he will attain a velocity of 11m/s, which is relatively high speed as compared to the initial velocity. In the similar manner if the driver has an initial velocity of 50m/s and driver accelerates the car with 5m/s2 for 10 second, he will attain a velocity of 100m/s that is double the initial velocity. Thus it is important to take care of the speed laws and accelerate the car recommended manner. In other case, if the driver has the initial velocity of 10m/s and driver accelerates the car with 5m/s2 for 10 second, he will cover about 350 meters. In the similar manner if the car is going too fast consider at 100m/s and we have to stop it to 0m/s in 2 seconds. The car has to decelerate at the rate of 50m/s2. If the rate of deceleration is about 20m/s2, the car would take 5 seconds stop. That speed laws are there to control the speed of the vehicle and stop the vehicle in no time. The more the car attains speed, the more time it will require to stop the car. In the similar manner, if the car stops in 5 seconds and decelerate at -20m/s2, it will cover about 250 meters to stop the car. If we want to stop the car in just less than 10 meters then the deceleration required will be -500m/s2, which is what we require in case of stopping the car. In this way, speed should be controlled according to the speed laws. References Chemistry.clemson.edu (1998).  Newton's Equation of Motion. [online] Retrieved from: http://chemistry.clemson.edu/chemdocs/marcusgroup/software/CONCEPT/QMA/fma/fma.htm [Accessed: 6 Dec 2013]. Physics.info (2013).  Equations of Motion - The Physics Hypertextbook. [online] Retrieved from: http://physics.info/motion-equations/ [Accessed: 6 Dec

Swan Ice Arena Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Swan Ice Arena - Case Study Example Swan Ice Arena is an indoor ice rink that primarily catered to hockey groups. However, in the recent months, the manager, David Swan has opened the ice rink for public skating. Even though public skating was supposed to increase the revenues for Swan but at this point Swan has been unable to profit from the venture despite heavy investment in making the rink public. Public attendance in the rink is low despite Swan’s best effort. Swan has noticed that families and young children visit the area during the weekends and young couples are more eager to visit the rink during Fridays. However, Swan cannot limit the rink to these groups for specific days since he realizes that young children also visit during Fridays. The presence of young children during couple days discourages the couples to visit more often. At this time, Swan is unable to increase the visits and thus revenues have not increased for him despite his investments on the rink.  Swan Ice Arena is an indoor ice rink t hat primarily catered to hockey groups. However, in the recent months, the manager, David Swan has opened the ice rink for public skating. Even though public skating was supposed to increase the revenues for Swan but at this point Swan has been unable to profit from the venture despite heavy investment in making the rink public. Public attendance in the rink is low despite Swan’s best effort. Swan has noticed that families and young children visit the area during the weekends and young couples are more eager to visit the rink during Fridays. However, Swan cannot limit the rink to these groups for specific days since he realizes that young children also visit during Fridays. The presence of young children during couple days discourages the couples to visit more often. At this time, Swan is unable to increase the visits and thus revenues have not increased for him despite his investments on the rink. Evaluating the situation, a few recommendations could be made. Swan would bene fit by limiting Fridays for young couples by restricting the age limit to 14 years. Even though at this point of time, young couples do not visit the area much but when the place becomes known as a couple hangout joint, more people would be willing to visit and revenues would definitely increase. Since Generation Y that Swan at this time is trying to cater relies on word-of-mouth promotion (Perreault and Mc Carthy), Swan would benefit from it. Also Swan could allow these young couples to make song requests so that they are able to participate more fully in the area.

How to Write an Essay :: Free Essay Writer

How to Write an Essay An essay can have many purposes, but the basic structure is the same no matter what. When writing an essay to it may be to argue for a particular point of view or to explain the steps necessary to complete a task. Some of the steps necessary to take in order to accomplish a better essay are by supporting the thesis. For example, that would be brainstorming and organizing information has to be used in order to begin. Secondly support the thesis in the body paragraphs. Lastly when finished revise and edit by adding material. Either way, essays will have the same basic format. If following a few simple steps, an essay almost writes itself. Supplying ideas for the essay are the important part of the essay anyway. When preparing to write an essay brainstorming for ideas that support your thesis statement is one of the few simple steps to follow in order to start the essay. Whether brainstorming on a piece of paper or a few pieces of papers narrow all brainstorming down by restating what is written down or just restate what you have written down to make it sound better. Organize the ideas into an outline, keeping in mind the method or methods of paragraph development (details, examples, reasons, cause and effect, comparison/contrast). Using an outline, begin a rough draft. Make sure that every sentence is directly related to the assigned topic (as stated in your thesis statement). Again, do not stray off the topic! When writing an essay support for the thesis will appear in the body of the essay, which is the "illustrating" part of the paper. In the body, it is very important to show facts about what is going on in the essay and what point wants to be crossed. To do this examples are going to be needed. Being as specific as possible is one of the main things. Give several carefully chosen examples; provide very detailed accounts of them. If the examples are well described, it will be clear to the reader that the writer has excellent reason. When finished with the rough copy, revise and edit it by adding, deleting, rearranging, and substituting material (use a dictionary and a thesaurus). First read the essay over slowly to yourself (or even aloud) and catch any mistakes seen. As well, correct errors in spelling (use the spell-checking feature in word processing program), capitalization, punctuation, subject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency, pronoun agreement, sentence errors, and usage.

Ford Pinto Case

Running head: Ford Pinto Case Study – Was Ford to Blame in the Pinto Case? Taking a Side Mayo Smith, George Deese, Josh Eubank, Mignon Waller, Michelle Stower and Jaime Arnold University of Phoenix Take a Side Bad business decisions can be seen throughout history; however none has stirred such controversy as the error made by Ford Motor Credit concerning the 1971 Ford Pinto. Despite many safety concerns Ford CEO, Lee Iacocca and Ford executives began the production and distribution of the 1971 Ford Pinto. During routine safety tests of production models, it was discovered that every Ford Pinto tested and sustained a ruptured fuel tank during a slow to moderate speed rear end collision. The resulting fireball could cause severe burn injuries and even death to its occupants. Ford engineers designed a solution. By installing a baffle between the gas tank and the rear bumper, the threat of it possibly rupturing was nearly obsolete. These modifications would only have cost $11 per vehicle to complete. After conducting a cost/benefit analysis, Ford estimated that the cost of lawsuits and the amount Ford would have had to pay (estimated at more than $50 million), far exceeded the amount saved ($20. 9 million), by not installing the baffle (De George, R. , 2006). How can a major corporation put a price on human life? Had I been involved in the dilemma concerning the Ford Pinto, I would have somehow convinced Lee Iacocca and the executives at Ford to install the baffle. I would have gone to the press and the U. S. overnment with my concerns over the safety of this vehicle. Iacocca wanted a car that would cost under $2000. Instead of raising the price of the Pinto, the profit margin for Ford could have been decreased. The stakeholders certainly would have agreed considering the safety concerns. It was only going to cost $11 per car which would have been a total of $20. 9 million; a small price to pay considering how many Pintos sold between 1971 and 1978. Installing the baffle would ha ve thrown off the production date, but the defect would no longer be a problem. The defect should have been corrected after the first year of production, however, since it was not the entire dilemma was a terrible business decision (De George, R. , 2006). Corporations more so than individuals, have a moral obligation to keep the public safe from harm. When it comes to making and selling a product, in the case of human safety, money should not be an underline factor in doing what is considered morally the right thing to do. Ford acted unethically when they introduced an unsafe vehicle that eventually caused serious injuries. The Ford Corporation crossed the line when knowingly decided not to make the necessary repairs in the Pinto which would ultimately save lives. Corporations have an ethical obligation to assume responsibility and admit their wrong doing. Did Ford have an internal office where an employee could go and report such wrong doing without suffering retaliatory actions? Whistle blowing was something new in both the corporate and public worlds. How many people knew what was wrong with the Ford Pinto and refuse or were afraid to come forward with their concerns? The obligation not to harm any person primary falls on the responsibility of those who manage the corporation. If other people know about this, they could have had a hand in stopping this. However, other members of the corporation are not morally responsible for the actions of the corporation such as assembly workers, engineers, or office workers. According to University of Phoenix (2009), â€Å"whistle blowing is reporting improper activities to an appropriate person. † If consumers and owners of the Ford Pinto known in advance that the Pinto would explode in low impact crashes and that death was a high factor, the sales would have probably been lower to none which in turn would have been even costly to the Ford Corporation. CEO Lee Laccoca should have thought about the long-term effects of taking consumer trust for granted and avoided the negative repercussions of the Pinto if a recall was issued and handle properly. Ford could have avoided the negative publicity. Meeting obligations is very important in a social environment. Ford was operating on how internal social capital was more important than external capital. Most likely before the Pinto fires Ford had a good reputation as being one of the safest automobile in the car industry. Greed was the motivation behind Ford’s immoral ethical business decisions which resulted in the lost of many human lives. The competition of small cars was emerging and American consumers were very interested in this market. Ford decided to act quickly before they would begin to lose market their share in the marketplace. Ford’s decision had nothing to do with the concerns of the consumers but with the money it was making and their status in society. In 1971, the year the Ford Pinto was released to the public, the organization knew about the potential safety issues the car faced when a rear-end collision occurred. According to DeGeorge (2005), Ford prepared a cost-benefit analysis to determine if it would be cheaper to fix the problem, an exploding gas tank, or wait to pay out possible lawsuits that could occur after the accidents happened. Ford ultimately decided it was better financially to produce a car that was dangerous to the owner. It appears another current automotive company may have followed some of the same practices as Ford did in the 1970s. It was recently made public that there was a safety problem in some of the models Toyota produces. The problem with the Toyota’s cars is a gas pedal that causes sudden acceleration. Although it is still unclear when Toyota discovered the problem with the gas pedal sticking, and how they determined what the next steps would be, Toyota did appear to know about the problem and did not initially do anything to resolve it. In an article written by Rooney (2010) â€Å"Toyota has been criticized for not responding quickly enough to customer complaints about sudden acceleration, which have been blamed for several accidents resulting in injuries or death† (Toyota Recall: What took so long? paragraph 10). It does not matter what decade, or year, this type of scenario happens, organizations have a moral responsibility to inform the customer about any potential danger he or she faces when purchasing a car from the respective company, especially when the flaw is potentially fatal. In both cases, Ford and Toyota should have made it public as soon as they knew about the problem. If these organizations would have made the safety issues known immediately to the consumers, the consumers would have been able to make a well informed decision about the car they were thinking about purchasing; they may have even decided to purchase a different car that was safer. Rational thinkers will not put their lives, or the life of their families, in danger. As a country, America has a government that has implemented consumer safety laws in an attempt to protect the consumers from these types of situations. Reference Tech Republic (2010). Interactive Inc. ‘Steer clear of these 10 illegal job interview questions’ Retrieved March 21, 2010, from http://www. techrepublic. com Linda Klebe Trevino, Katherine A. Nelson (2007). Axia College, Decide What’s Right: A Prescriptive Approach. Retrieved on March 20, 2010 https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx De George, R. (2006). Whistle Blowing. Retrieved March 31, 2010 from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx.

Project management as organisational strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2208 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Todays world is one in which globalization has embraced almost all areas of activity. There are no industry that is not affected and strategy that does not include this important component. The role of this paper is to discuss the allegation that Projectification of the organisational world has resulted in apparent agreement that projects and project management are an efficient means of implementing organisational strategy.(Haniff Fernie 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Project management as organisational strategy" essay for you Create order I will analyze this statement in terms of professional experience and by the literature exploring the content, limitations and opportunities that arise in organizational practice. In todays world project management has become a tool used in almost all organizations, whether its construction, media or fashion. But how can it be integrated into the business strategy of the organization is a question that will offer many answers. Strategic Project Management (SPM) has been defined by Callahan Brooks (2004) as the use of the appropriate project management knowledge, skills, tools and techniques in the context of the companies goals and objectives so that the project deliverables will contribute to company value in a way that can be measured (Callahan Brooks, 2004, p. 23). They further describe SPM as a process that takes into account a companys way of doing business, allowing for the possibility of a significant payoff with fewer risks (Callahan Brooks, p. 30). The above definit ions are good, but they do not convey the most important aspect of SPM, which is the fact that senior leadership needs to be involved in selecting, defining and prioritizing which projects are undertaken within the organization. Consequently, the concept of project management has become so widespread that commentators have began to speak of the projectification of society (Lundin and Soderholm, 1998, Midler, 1995). Most mainstream management text tend to refer to definitions provided by PMI (2004), who define a project as a temporary endeavour, undertaken to create a unique product or result. Within this classic description the role of the project is that of a production function, wherenprojects are characterised as a set of planning and control techniques aimed at delivering project objectives time, cost quality and scope.HANIFF Defining organizational strategy plays an important role since it defines the rules under which it will develop in the future as well as how it envi sages achieving these objectives. Judging from this statement but we question the role of project manager and project management in establishing such rules. Researchers appear to agree that projects are an efficient means of implementing strategy (Cicmil and Hodgson, 2006, Gareis, 1991, Cleland and Ireland, 2006, Roberts and Gardiner, 1998, Turner and Keegan, 1999). By employing a project management approach to delivering the broad organisational strategies, businesses are able to partially eradicate the traditional bureaucratic, mechanistic structures HANIFF. Another perspective in literature assumes that the project management approach enables organisational strategy to be implemented efficiently and effectively, thus shorting the time from strategy formulation to strategy implementation (Hauc and Kovac, 2000, Gareis, 1989, Partington, 1996). If we are to relate to the claim that project management is done through your organizations, then the latter would leave the foundatio n from which we achieve the objectives. But there are many issues involved here that does not find a solution yet. One of the most important is the project managers ability to influence the strategy for the achievement of project objectives. One could say that the barriers placed in the way of project manager are just getting started. Central to this perspective is the concept of strategic alignment.HANIFF This concept ensures that projects accurately reflect the organisations longterm investment and aspirations articulated in their organisational strategies. HANIFF However, viewing the project in terms of tools,techniques and outputs makes basic assumptions about the nature of projects and arguably diminishes the complex role of the project manager (Lundin and Soderholm, 1995). Its naive to say that the project managers role is simply to manage the project that has in coordination. Viewed more broadly, its role can be transformed into an initiator or coauthor of strategy w hich is in continuous transformation. Project`s strategy cannot operate independently of the organizations strategy. Strategic functions of the two elements work simultaneously and tend to complete. The level at which project objectives reach organisation`s strategy depends very much on the nature of the project. Projects are typically viewed as a vehicle for change within an organisation where project objectives are determined by a single parent organisation.HANIFF In considering the complexities of project management, it is perhaps more appropriate to view a project as an organisation rather than a tool.HANIFF Considering this dealing with the conflict of interest between the various stakeholders become very important; realising the role of the project manager and the implementation of information, communication and monitoring systems (Turner and Muller, 2003). The exploration of attempts to strategically align the formulation of organisational strategies with the impl ementation through projects and project management is significantly problematic.HANIFF The shortcomings described above have led to a strict focus on the execution of projects, which has created tactical tunnel vision within organizations. This tunnel vision has led many organizations to implement formal project management processes to create a tactical mindset at a time when the strategic use of resources is vital to these organizations. This tactical thinking is exactly what is needed for ensuring that things get done within a project, but strategic thinking is also needed to ensure the optimal use of time, resources and money to ensure that each project undertaken is aligned with the business strategy of the organization. Brown 2007 The objective of project and strategic management integration is to essentially increase the efficiency of the processes of strategy formulation to strategy implementation.HANIFF Diverse interests of shareholders and the difficulties of in ternal bureaucracy contributes to a very limited ability to influence. Of course, I cannot speak of a generalization to all organizations. Nevertheless, how can a project manager to influence the organizations strategy? Depending on the nature and organizational dynamics of each organization in part we can speak at most about a limited impact on the strategic process. Analysing for example the work of Philip Morris, a company in which I worked, I can say that the strategic process is rarely reported to the multitude of existing projects at a time. Of course, the project manager involvement could be much higher, especially in strategic alignment with organizational goals but this was not considered a priority. It was later found that the dynamics of change within the organization is most effective if implemented based on specific projects. The strategic objectives through the effective implementation of projects? I would say that from my professional experience and analyzing the l iterature it could beListen Read phonetically It is naive to assume that any predetermined project plans can be simplistically implemented HANIFF. It must fulfill several conditions, but especially at the higher level of organization. Conversely, project management ensures high level of efficiency in implementation of set objectives in general (Hauc and Kovac, 2000). However, Anderson and Merna (2003) postulate that the cause of project failure often originates in poor management at the front-end during strategy formulation, rather than downstream execution. Maylor (2001) goes further to suggest that more than 80 per cent of all problems at the project level are caused by failures at the board level in firms to provide clear policies and priorities. This is regardless of Archibalds (1988) assertion that if senior managers want to manage their organizations strategically, they must provide effective project management practices linked with strategic management practices. Uncertainties arise from the moment of confrontation between project and strategy. The project aims to develop as a separate entity with specific rules and methods of implementation. It also develops a certain strategy of the project in detail that not always coincides with the organizations strategy. In this point, the ability of a good relationship between project manager and senior management is vital. Coordination capacity is not necessarily only within a small universe of project but especially in the larger organization where this important issue gets such an overwhelming importance. The fact that SPM is often overlooked can be seen in research performed by Stanleigh (2006) and report in the article titled From Crisis to Control: New Standards for Project Management. Stanleigh reports that a fraction of projects undertaken by organizations (roughly 2.5 percent) are 100% successful (Stanleigh, 2006, p. 1). Stanleigh discusses the need for organizations to ensure that only th ose projects that are aligned with the corporate strategic vision be undertaken. Stanleighs strategies described above seem to be common sense, but most organizations have not taken the time to take the high-level view of their projects to ensure that the resources that are being consumed (i.e., time, money, people, etc) are creating value and/or returns to the organizationBROWN. Irrespective of the call from numerous scholars for a deeper understanding into the nature of enquiry, current literature on aligning projects with organisational strategy is not yet comprehensive.HANIFF A number of scholars focus on the upstream activities of selecting projects for the project portfolio as the critical part of the alignment process (Archer and Ghasemzadeh, 1999, Cooper et al., 2000, Aalto, 2000). Within this stream, strategic alignment relates to the need to select projects for implementation that align with the organisations strategic objectives whilst remaining sensitive to avai lable resources (Archer and Ghasemzadeh, 1999). Other researchers have focused their attention further downstream by proposing that the provision of a managerial framework for grouping projects in the form of programmes. This provides a means to bridge the gap between project delivery and organisational strategy (Maylor et al., 2006, Partington et al., 2005, Thiry, 2002) and requires the deployment of a Programme Manager. More recently the concept of project strategy has been presented in the literature (Morris and Jamieson, 2005, Shenhar, 2004, Srivannaboon and Milosevic, 2006, Morris and Jamieson, 2004, Artto et al., 2008). Despite, the lack of clarity of the concept, if we accept the argument that all organisations have a strategy (Porter, 1979) the notion of a project having a single unified strategy that satisfies all the organisations involved is problematic. Shenhar (2004) suggests that a project strategy is the specific unique approach the project takes to achieve the org anizational strategy and is therefore the missing link between the business strategy and the project plans. HANIFF propose that development of a project strategy is the direction given to the project manager by senior management. Brown said that Aligning projects with corporate strategy is not an easy topic to grasp for some organizations, but it is necessary to ensure that all projects are aligned with the organizations goals and objectives. To accomplish this task, an organization must review the project and assess what it is that they want to accomplish. In addition, the business value of the project must be completely understood and defined. When paired with the PMBOK project management phases, the strategic alignment of projects would assist in defining the project outcome and success factors for the initiation phase. This process of aligning projects with corporate strategy helps to address the issue raised by Morris (2003) when he writes that project management must be about delivering business benefit through projects and this necessarily involves managing the project definition as well as downstream implementation (Morris, 2003, pp. 2-3) In considering such complexity, it is difficult to assert how true strategic alignment from the corporate level to the project management level will be achieved.HANIFF Literature suggests that strategy be set at the at the corporate level and then filtered down to the project level (Archer and Ghasemzadeh, 1999, Morris and Jamieson, 2005). Delivery of projects as part of corporate strategy today tends to become an item for discussion. Trying to projectification every aspect of organizational life but without analyzing the implications of such testing may be dangerous for the life of the organization itself. Many of the worlds project management societies have recognized the need to educate organizations about SPM and its benefits according to Naughton Green. They write: Recently, a number of the worlds leading project management organizations have taken major initiatives to enlighten executive management about the strategic importance and benefits of project management. The focus is to move from individual project management to organizational project management, which these organizations maintain is a strategic advantage in a competitive economy (Naughton Green, 2006, p. 1). Analizand toate aceste aspecte se desprinde concluzia ca projects and project management are an efficient means of implementing organisational strategy.(Haniff Fernie 2009) este un proces complex care trebuie adaptat in functie de natura organizatiei. Folosirea project managementului in sensul implementarii strategiei organizatiei este inca la inceput si necesita timp si metode de abordare. Stabilirea criteriilor in alinierea proiectelor la strategia organizatiei este un process in expansiune asa cum am aratat in cadrul acestei analize. Probabil anii care vor urma ne vor arata noi modalitati de implicare a project managementului in atingerea obiectivelor strategice ale organizatiei. . . Conclusion The purpose of this paper has been to provide an overview of Strategic Project Management (SPM). The use of SPM and Project Portfolio Management (PPM) can provide a great deal of advantage to an organization to allow them to identify and select those projects that provide the greatest level of value to the organization. There are considerable advantages for an organization to undertake a rethinking and/or retooling of the project management function to include SPM methodologies and practices in the selection of projects that are undertaken.